LOS PEORES AÑOS PARA ESTAR VIVO EN LA HISTORIA: ¿Sobrevivirías?

LOS PEORES AÑOS PARA ESTAR VIVO EN LA HISTORIA: ¿Sobrevivirías?

The Plague of Justinian was an epidemic that affected the entire Mediterranean Basin, Europe and the Near East, seriously affecting the Sassanid Empire and the Byzantine Empire, especially Constantinople. The plague was named after the Byzantine emperor Justinian who, according to

The historian of his Procopian court, He contracted the disease and recovered, however at the height of the epidemic it killed about a fifth of the population of the Imperial capital. The historian Procopius first reported the epidemic in 541 from the port of Pelusium near Suez in Egypt. According to contemporary sources, the

Outbreak in Constantinople was thought to have been transported to the city by infected rats on grain ships arriving from Egypt. Procopius recorded that at its peak, the plague killed 10,000 people daily in Constantinople, but the accuracy of the figure is in doubt, he pointed out that

As there was no space to bury the dead, the bodies were left piled up in the open, the funeral rites were often ignored and the entire city smelled of death as a result of the Plague in the countryside, farmers could not harvests and the price of

Grain rose in Constantinople Justinian had spent enormous amounts of money in wars against the Vandals in Carthage and in the kingdom of the Ostrogoths in Italy he had invested heavily in the construction of large Churches while the Empire The plague caused a decline in tax revenue due to the huge number of

Deaths and the disruption of agriculture and trade. The long-term effects of the plague on European and Christian history were enormous as the disease spread. spread to the port cities of the Mediterranean the Goths were revitalized and their conflict with Constantinople entered a new phase The plague weakened the Byzantine Empire at a

Critical point when Justinian’s armies had almost retaken all of Italy and the western coast of the Mediterranean according to records The The initial plague eventually killed perhaps 40% of the city’s inhabitants and caused the death of up to a quarter of the human population of the

Eastern Mediterranean. Frequent subsequent waves of the plague continued to strike throughout the 6th, 7th, and 8th centuries and the disease spread. became more localized and less virulent the great famine of 1315 to 1317 was the first in a series of large-scale crises that

Hit parts of Europe in the early 14th century most of Europe was affected the famine caused many deaths over a long period number of years and marked a clear end to the period of growth and prosperity from the 10th to 11th centuries the great famine began in bad weather in the

Spring of 1315 the bad harvests lasted from 1316 until the summer harvest of 17 and Europe did not recover completely until 1322, however poor harvests were not The only problem, livestock diseases caused the number of sheep and cows to fall by up to 80%

The period was marked by extreme levels of crime, diseases, mass deaths and even cannibalism the crisis had consequences for the church the state the European society and For future calamities in the 14th century in the spring of 1315 it began to rain unusually

Intensely in much of Europe in such conditions the grains could not ripen which caused widespread crop losses the grains were They were carried indoors in urns and pots to keep them dry. The straw and hay for the animals could not be cured so

There was no fodder for livestock in England. The lowlands of George and Nottingham were flooded while lakes and ponds in Yorkshire were devastated, the price of food began to rise prices in England doubled between spring and summer salt the only way to cure and preserve meat was difficult to obtain because the brine

Could not evaporate effectively in humid climates its price increased from 30 to 40 shillings wheat prices increased by 300 20% making bread an inacqua grain reserve for long-term emergencies were limited to royalty lords nobles rich merchants and the church people began to harvest roots grasses nuts and wild edible bark

In the forests in the spring of 1316 it continued to rain on a European population Deprived of energy and reserves to sustain themselves all segments of society from the nobles to the peasants found themselves affected but especially the peasants who represented

95 of the population and who did not have food reserves to provide some relief mortgaged the future by sacrificing animals eating the seeds abandoning children to fend for themselves in addition to the elderly leaving food for The youngest generation that could survive was not until 13 25 that the food supply returned to

Relatively normal levels and the population began to increase. Historians debate the number of victims but it is estimated that between 10 and 25% of the population died. of many cities and towns the Black Death was a pandemic that devastated medieval Europe between 1347 and 1352.

It is estimated that it killed between 25 and 30 million people. The disease originated in Central Asia and was brought to the Crimea by Mongol warriors and merchants, then the Plague entered Europe through Italy Perhaps carried by rats or parasites Humans via

Genoese trading ships sailing from the Black Sea The disease was caused by a bacteria called Yerenia pestis It was known as the Black Death because it could blacken the skin and sores while other symptoms included fever and joint pains with up to two-

Thirds of sufferers dying from the disease it is estimated that between 30 and 50% of the population of the affected places died from the black plague The number of deaths was so high that it had important consequences for medieval European society as a whole,

A general questioning of authority and rebellions, and in addition to the total abandonment of many cities and towns, it would take 200 years for the population to recover to the level seen. Before the Black Death there are three types of plague the bubonic plague the pneumonic plague and the

Septicemic plague the bubonic plague was the most common during the 14th century outbreak and caused severe swelling in the groin and armpits that turned a disgusting black color hence the name, the black yagas could cover the body in general, caused by

Internal bleeding and were known as buboes. The bubonic plague is fatal and between 30 and 75 percent of the infections, often within 72 hours, people died. So many victims of the plague and so many corpses that the authorities did not know what to do with them, and carts

Full of corpses became a common sight throughout Europe. It seems that the only course of action was to stay still, avoid people and pray the disease. It finally ran its course in 1352 but would reappear in less serious outbreaks during the rest of the medieval period.

The influenza pandemic of 1918 to 1919 killed more people than the great war known today as World War I, between 20 and 40 million people. It has been cited as the most devastating epidemic in recorded history, more people died from influenza in a single year

Than in 4 years of the Black Death in the fall of 1918. The great war in Europe was coming to an end and peace was in sight. In the Horizon, the Americans had joined the fight, bringing the Allies closer to victory against the Germans. Deep in the trenches, these

Men experienced some of the most brutal living conditions that apparently could not be worse in areas all over the world. The world broke out in something that seemed as benign as the common cold. The flu that season, however, was much more than a cold. In the two years that this

Scourge devastated the earth, a fifth of the world’s population was infected. The flu was more deadly among Of the 20- to 40-year-old American soldiers who died in Europe, half fell because of the virus and not at the hands of the enemy. The effect of this

Flu epidemic was so severe that the average life experience in the United States was reduced by 10 years spanned following the path of its Human carriers along trade routes and sea lines the outbreaks spread throughout North America Europe, Asia, Africa Brazil and the

South Pacific in India the mortality rate was extremely high around 50 deaths from influenza per 1000 people, The great war with its mass movements of men in armies and on board ships probably contributed to its rapid spread

The origins of the deadly flu disease were unknown but there was much speculation about them some of the allies considered the epidemic a tool of German biological warfare many thought it was the result From trench warfare, the use of mustard gases and the smoke and

Vapors generated by them discovered that humidity was related to the most serious epidemics since it encouraged the spread of bacteria. Meanwhile, new sciences and immunology rushed to find a solution. vaccine or a therapy to stop this epidemic those who were lucky enough to avoid infection had to face

Public health ordinances to slow the spread of the disease health departments distributed gauze masks to wear in public stores could not Sales were held and funerals were limited to 15 minutes, some cities required a signed certificate for entry, and railroads would not accept passengers without one. Those who ignored

Flu ordinances had to pay heavy fines imposed by additional agents, bodies piled up as In addition to the lack of health workers and medical supplies, there was a shortage of funeral coffins and gravediggers. The conditions

In 1918 were not so far removed from the Black Death in the bubonic plague era of the Middle Ages. the eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia in 1815 caused a change in global climate Heavier material fell to the ground and to the ocean surface the immediate effects of the

Volcano resulted in massive destruction the eruption the flows that came from it and the related tsunamis destroyed homes AND claimed 10,000 lives another 880,000 people would die from diseases that would spread later however when the lighter particles reached the stratosphere they spread out and created an

Aerosol cloud the size of Australia the cloud blocked sunlight from reaching to Earth and changed the global climate between 2 and 7 grams, the effects of which devastated a large part of the planet. Harvests failed in Europe and the United States due to the cold or lack of sun, which

Caused the prices of cereals and wheat to skyrocket. torrential rains flooded crops in Ireland new strains of cholera killed millions of people in India crime became rampant and people went hungry in many countries May frost wiped out most crops in New York Massachusetts New Hampshire and Vermont

In June Heavy snow covered the ground in Albany New York and Dennisville while Frost persisted for Five consecutive nights in New Jersey the unrelenting cold lasted into late summer in what would normally have been the harvest season in July lakes and Rivers remained frozen as far north as Northeastern Pennsylvania Temperatures

Dropped to near freezing in a matter of a few hours Agricultural failure was rampant during this time and the price of feed skyrocketed This also increased the price of oats for the horses that were The main source of transportation at the time

This is credited with helping inspire the invention of the bicycle by Karl Drais in 1817. The Italian Plague of 1629 Even after the Black Death ended the Bonic Plague continued to sporadically rear its ugly head. In Europe, one of the most calamitous outbreaks began

In 1620. 29 Historians believe that French and German troops fighting in the 30 Years’ War brought the plague to Mantua, Italy in 1629, infecting Venetian troops as the troops retreated to the south. n The plague spread first to Milan and then to

Venice itself in Milan city officials implemented some of the first quarantines Effective but lax measures during the carnival season saw infections soar by 1630 some 60,000 of Milan’s 130,000 people had died from the plague The threat moved to Venice the seafront city was particularly vulnerable to

Plague pandemics Due to its location exposed numerous canals and constant commercial contact with outsiders in just one year between 1630 and 1631 almost a third of the citizens of Venice some 46,000 out of 140,000 died from the plague with 16,000 dead in the

Month of November 1630 this could not prevent even though city officials took relatively sophisticated public health measures what was probably the world’s first quarantine on the Venetian island of Lazareto Vechio. The measure may have prevented Venice from suffering even more deaths and probably contributed to Its relatively rapid recovery

Yet it is believed that the dramatic reduction in that city’s population and trade ultimately led to the fall of Venice as a major commercial and political power. While it would be immensely inaccurate to choose the worst year of World War II, 1943 was undoubtedly

When Some of the worst events of the war took place, on the one hand, it was the height of the Holocaust in the late spring of that year. had claimed the lives of around 1.3 million Jewish prisoners throughout German-controlled territory although that figure also included quite a few Romani partisans and

Soviet prisoners of war. It was also the year in which Joseph Mengel, the most infamous of all scientists responsible for some of the most inhumane experiments on prisoners was sent to Auschwitz, possibly beginning the worst phase of the Holocaust so far, on the other

Side of the world in India, another lesser-known but equally devastating event was occurring, the Bengal Famine of 1943 caused by by British forces who diverted massive amounts of food resources from the region to aid the war effort in the

Eastern War making it one of the worst humanitarian disasters of the entire war it is estimated that between 1 million and 3.8 million people died in the Bengal region due to famine malaria and other diseases aggravated by malnutrition population displacement unsanitary conditions and lack of medical care over time families Disintegrated

Men sold their small farms and left their homes to look for work or join the British Indian Army and women and children became homeless migrants who often traveled to Calcutta or other large cities in search of organized help. The year was also the culmination and peak of the Battle of Stalingrad easily The

Largest battle and sangri of history in terms of numbers with more than 2 million soldiers and around 400,000 civilians dead, although it was a turning point for the Allied forces, the human cost of this single battle was immense for both Germany and the Soviet Union.

The Great Plague of London, in 1665, London suffered one of the most devastating plagues in its history, the Great Plague. Although it is true that this outbreak was not as lethal as the one that had already devastated Europe in 1347, the truth is that this It killed approximately

100,000 people in England, specifically in London, a fifth of the city’s population died. The plague hit the city of London several times during the 16th and 17th centuries, the most famous between 1665 and 1666. In 1665, They began to register the first cases

Of death due to this plague, which is thought to have arrived through merchant ships coming from Holland. During those first months, the deaths were few, mainly due to the low temperatures that made the issue of containment of the disease much easier. virus,

However, the cold passed and with the arrival of spring and summer, health chaos exploded. The poor hygiene at the time was undoubtedly a determining factor in this epidemic, as in many others of the time, the outbreak spread voraciously from the areas coastal to the

Heart of London the pestilence first emerged in the suburb of Sang Guiles in the Fields but soon traveled to the narrow and dirty neighborhoods of the city at its peak in September 1665 some 8,000 people died each week the rich including King Charles

II fled to the countryside, leaving them poor as the main victims of the plague. The London authorities tried to contain the infected by quarantining them in their homes that were marked with a large Red Cross. The fires were kept lit 24

Hours a day with the sole purpose of purifying the In addition, the corpses of the infected were quickly organized to avoid further contagion due to their putrefaction. Between 75,000 and 100,000 people finally died before the outbreak died out

In 1666. The situation was defined as a little more stable and safe so that The king and his court will return. The year 1600 was a small ice age that probably began with the eruption of the Huaynaputina volcano in Peru resulting in abnormally cold weather in many regions of the

World including China, Korea, Japan, almost all of Europe as well as parts of Africa and the Americas . many other periods on this list this one spread across almost the entire known world at the time and lasted for decades causing widespread social unrest and suffering

Resulting in widespread crop failures and epidemics especially in China this would eventually lead to the fall of the Min dynasty In 1644, due to a Peasant Rebellion in Europe, there were frosts during the summer months that lasted throughout almost the entire century, which caused rebellions, outbreaks of infectious diseases and famines that

Finally translated into wars and social unrest that had not occurred. seen in the relatively prosperous years of recent centuries in Ireland civil war and famine claimed over 500,000 victims over the course of almost a decade in the 1650s estimates suggest that diseases wars famine caused by this cooling event

Global caused the death of around a third of the world’s known population at that time a Mysterious Fog plunged Europe, the Middle East and parts of Asia into darkness day and night for 18 months the volcanic winter of 500 36 was the most Severe episode and prolonged

Climatic cooling in the northern hemisphere over the past 2000 years the volcanic winter was caused by at least three simultaneous eruptions of uncertain origin with several possible locations proposed on several continents most contemporary accounts of the volcanic winter come from authors in Constantinople the capital of the Byzantine Empire Although the impact

Of colder temperatures spread beyond Europe, modern studies have determined that early in the year 536 AD an eruption possibly expelled massive amounts of sulfate aerosols into the atmosphere, which reduced the solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface and cooling the atmosphere for several years in March

536 Constantinople began to experience dark skies and lower temperatures in China Snow fell during the summer And in Europe crops failed and animals died which caused countless people to die of hunger drought and famine also took over the middle east weakening populations Even in the strongest empires these poor

Harvests and famines caused social unrest and political instability which further affected all these places in some Places entire societies collapsed because they did not have enough resources to care for their people. To make matters worse, mosquitoes and other disease-carrying insects survived in areas where they would not normally be found due to

Colder temperatures. This led to a greater spread of diseases in communities. which were not at all prepared for them consequently all this had a hugely negative impact on the economy which lasted for many years further south in the Arabian Peninsula the climate

Was very different with more rain than usual this meant that more plants could grow which helped support larger herds of camels the sudden increase in these resources may have played a very important role in the expansion of the Arab empire in the Middle East [ Music]

Desde los albores de la civilización moderna, los humanos han estado anunciando el fin de los tiempos. Cada generación ha visto a sus grupos afirmar “El fin está cerca”, pero todavía tenemos que ver el fin de la humanidad. Sin embargo, ciertamente ha habido algunos casos en los que las cosas parecían sombrías. Hoy veremos algunos de los peores años de la historia para estar vivo.

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